What is the working principle of centrifugal fan?
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Impeller Structure and Function:
An impeller is a pivotal component within a fan, characterized by its rotation and a series of blades. The impeller’s primary role is to transfer kinetic energy to the working fluid, assuming air as the working fluid in this context.
Centrifugal Action: When the impeller undergoes rotation, centrifugal action comes into play. This centrifugal force propels the working fluid (air) away from the impeller, creating a radial outflow.
Kinetic to Static Pressure Conversion: As the air moves between the series of blades, the kinetic energy it possesses undergoes a transformative process. According to Bernoulli’s theorem, the flow through a gradually increasing cross-section leads to the conversion of kinetic energy or velocity into static pressure.
Cross-Sectional Expansion: Simultaneously, the circumferential gap between the blades widens radially, resulting in an increase in the cross-sectional area. This expansion contributes to the conversion process, enhancing the transformation of kinetic energy into static pressure.
Spiral Casing and Pressure Conversion: The air, still carrying some kinetic energy from the impeller, proceeds through the spiral casing. This casing is designed with a gradual increase in cross-section in the flow direction. As the air traverses this casing, the leftover kinetic energy transforms into static pressure.
Blade Tip Discharge and Vacuum Formation: Upon reaching the blade tip, the air is forcefully expelled from the impeller. This expulsion creates a gap or vacuum near the center of the impeller, termed the “eye” of the impeller. This eye becomes a focal point for suction, drawing in more air to continue the cycle.
In essence, the impeller’s rotation, in conjunction with the blade design and the principles of fluid dynamics, facilitates the conversion of kinetic energy into static pressure, ensuring efficient air movement within the fan. The suction created at the eye of the impeller is a crucial aspect of this process, contributing to the overall effectiveness of the fan system.